What causes communication disorders ... ؟؟؟

 What causes communication disorders
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?What are communication disorders

There are several different types of communication disorders, including the following:

expressive language disorder
Expressive language disorder identifies developmental delays and difficulties in the ability to produce speech.

mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder identifies developmental delays and difficulties in the ability to understand spoken language and produce speech.

?What causes communication disorders

Communication disorders may be developmental or acquired. The cause may be related to biological problems such as abnormalities of brain development, or possibly by exposure to toxins during pregnancy, such as abused substances or environmental toxins such as lead. A genetic factor is sometimes considered a contributing cause in some cases.

?Who is affected by communication disorders

For unknown reasons, boys are diagnosed with communication disorders more often than girls. Children with communication disorders frequently have other psychiatric disorders as well.

?What are the symptoms of communication disorders

?The following are the most common symptoms of communication disorders.However, each child may experience symptoms differently.

Young children with communication disorders may not speak at all, or may have a limited vocabulary for their age. Some children with communication disorders have difficulty understanding simple directions or are unable to name objects. Most children with communication disorders are able to speak by the time they enter school, however, they continue to have problems with communication.

School-aged children often have problems understanding and formulating words. Teens may have more difficulty with understanding or expressing abstract ideas.

The symptoms of communication disorders may resemble other problems or medical conditions. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.

?How are communication disorders diagnosed

?Most children with communication disorders are first referred for speech and language evaluations when their delays in communicating are noted. A child psychiatrist is usually consulted, especially when emotional or behavioral problems are also present. A comprehensive evaluation also involves psychometric testing (testing designed to assess logical reasoning abilities, reactions to different situations, and thinking performance; not tests of general knowledge) and psychological testing of cognitive abilities.

:Treatment for communication disorders

Specific treatment for communication disorders will be determined by your child's physician, special education teachers, and speech/language and mental health professionals based on:

your child's age, overall health, and medical history

extent of the disorder

type of disorder

your child's tolerance for specific medications or therapies

expectations for the course of the disorder

your opinion or preference

A coordinated effort between parents, teachers, and speech/language and mental health professionals provides the basis for individualized treatment strategies that may include individual or group remediation, special classes, or special resources. Two approaches are usually considered. Remedial techniques are used to increase communication skills in the areas of the deficit. A second approach helps the child build on his/her strengths to circumvent his/her communication deficit.

:Prevention of communication disorders

Specific preventive measures to reduce the incidence of communication disorders are not known at this time. However, early detection and intervention can address the developmental needs and academic difficulties to improve the quality of life experienced by children with communication disorders.

The brain is complex and our understanding is very limited. For the majority of communication disorders we do not yet understand the cause. However, we do have an understanding of how to help many children to maximize their speech and language development.

A few known causes of communication disorders are:

Hearing impairment - full or partial hearing impairment may cause difficulty in speech and language development. An assessment of hearing is one of the first steps in the investigation of speech and language problems.

Physical disability - cleft lip and palate, or malformations of the mouth or nose may cause communication disorders. More involved disabilities, such as severe cerebral palsy, may preclude any speech at all and for these non-verbal children augmentative communication methods must be used.

Developmental disability - some children (not all) with a developmental disability or Down's Syndrome may be slower to learn to talk and may need extra assistance.

Children with learning disabilities may have communication disorders. Many learning disabled children have difficulty with receptive or expressive language. Without appropriate intervention children with communication disorders are at high risk for educational failure.

Children with Pervasive Development Disorders (P.D.D.), or Autism spectrum disorders will also have communication disorders. Many children with PDD or Autism have difficulty with social skills and their behaviour and conversation skills may be limited or inappropriate. Often there is an associated language disorder.

Children with significant behaviour or emotional problems may also have a communication disorder. In some cases the behaviour problems are extreme and the focus on the safety and security of the child is the priority. However, evaluation by qualified professionals, including Speech-Language Pathologist, often reveal language disorders which have not been recognized or treated.